This scope and sequence provides a suggested order of teaching these topics.

Communication always has a purpose. The speaker has ideas that that he or she wants the listener to understand. The most important of those ideas are called main ideas.

Listening for detail refers to the type of listening we do in which we can’t afford to ignore anything because we don’t know exactly what information of the listening passage will be necessary to complete the task.

This semester we are discussing identifying main ideas, major details, purpose, and point of view. These are the big components of organization of ideas. However, there are many listening contexts that will require you to listen even more closely for additional details.

We discuss purpose in a few different ways this semester. For example, in another lesson, we talk about organizing ideas. In this lesson, we will practice this listening skill further by looking at how context can inform the listener of the speaker's purpose. Understanding why someone is saying something can also help us recognize main ideas and major details. Whenever you find yourself listening, you should be able to quickly answer the question "Why is (he/she) saying this?"

Your point of view is your perspective. There are two ways to talk about point of view, which we will cover in this lesson. Point of view can be thought of in a general sense, or as it is used to narrate stories.

A listening strategy is a conscious action a listener does to better understand what he or she is listening to. In other words, it is a choice the listener makes to improve comprehension. One of the fundamental strategies for listening is connecting the content to your own background knowledge.

On occasion, a speaker does not directly say the main idea. Rather than clearly tell the listener this important information, the speaker gives clues for the listener.

What do you do when you hear an unfamiliar word? Do you stop everything to try to understand it? Do you ignore it? Do you have strategies in mind for these situations? When you first started learning English, this was a frequent experience for you and your reaction was hopefully different than it is now. In this lesson, we will talk about strategies you can use when you hear new vocabulary.

In this lesson, we are practicing present tense and and the three main aspects of it. In addition to learning to use the grammar, it is valuable to practice listening for it. Recognizing when a grammar form is used will help you understand the rules more fully.

Stress in speaking means the sounds that we emphasize when we speak. A stressed sound is usually louder, higher, longer, and clearer. There are patterns that are important to follow to understand and be understood.

It might seem strange to talk about the times when we aren't speaking, but the timing for pauses is very important. Think about a time when you listened to someone learning your native language. It is likely that their accent was influenced by more than just their pronunciation of individual words. The way we connect those words into larger ideas is impacted a lot by pausing.

When many people think about speaking in a new language, they focus on pronunciation of individual words. Although pronunciation of words is important, suprasegmentals can have a bigger impact on someone's ability to understand you when you speak. Suprasegmental A feature of speech that is not limited to a single syllable, such as intonation and stress, also known as prosody Pitch The relative highness or lowness of sound

Listening to speakers and identifying how speaking is organized can help to improve your comprehension of what you hear. When you think about your own speaking, it is helpful to practice organizing your ideas clearly so that your listener can understand your ideas easily.

One of the features of advanced language speaking is the ability to express your opinions. In the beginning, your opinions might be expressed in a very controlled way. You use a specific structure, your time is limited, you are able to prepare your thoughts, and you are uninterrupted. This is the type of speaking you are expected to do in an assessment like the TOEFL. However, as you continue to progress in your use of the language, you will become more flexible and developed in your expressions of opinions.

What do you do when you can't remember a word in English? How do you talk about a topic without saying it directly? This skill is known as circumlocution.

Sentence variety is a strategy to enhance the flow of ideas, intensify points, and sustain the interest of your listeners. Varying the length, rhythm, and structure of sentences are three ways to create variety and interest in your speech.

We use social language skills in our daily interactions with other people. The term language pragmatics refers to how appropriate our language (both verbal and nonverbal) is to accomplish the purpose of our communication in a particular situation. Important consideration should be given to directness, politeness, and deference.

One of the things that should become more comfortable as you improve your English is the ability to respond appropriately to unexpected situations.

In this section, we will review the basics of tense and aspect. We will practice applying different aspects when speaking in the present.

In this section, we will review the basics of tense and aspect. We will practice applying different aspects when speaking in the present.

In this section, we will review the basics of tense and aspect. We will practice applying different aspects when speaking in the present.

What is a narration? A narration is a story or a sequence of events. It is the explanation of an experience to an audience. We use narrations in many different ways, but the most common in spoken English is telling about something that already happened.

What is a narration? A narration is a story or a sequence of events. It is the explanation of an experience to an audience. We use narrations in many different ways, but the most common in spoken English is telling about something that already happened.

What is a narration? A narration is a story or a sequence of events. It is the explanation of an experience to an audience. We use narrations in many different ways, but the most common in spoken English is telling about something that already happened.

Narrating in the future is an important language function. Not only does a future narration allow you to express plans and goals for the future, but you can begin to make predictions and hypotheses about long-term impacts of actions. Simple future is the most frequently used form for speaking about the future. While you may think of the future in English in terms of will and be going to, the future is expressed in a few different ways.

Narrating in the future is an important language function. Neither the future progressive or perfect are as common as the simple future, but they are still useful in specific situations. Future progressive can be used to talk about ongoing events that you have planed for the future or you predict will happen. The future perfect is used for events that will be completed prior to a future time.

In previous weeks, we discussed the main three aspects of past and present tense. In addition to these verb forms, we have active and passive forms of the verbs. Active verbs are the forms we have discussed so far.

For this listening practice, we will use one video for a few different activities. You will practice with small parts of the video and then watch the complete video.

For this listening practice, we will use one video for a few different activities. You will practice with small parts of the video and then watch the complete video.

For this listening practice, we will use one video for a few different activities. You will practice with small parts of the video and then watch the complete video.

This lesson will review the listening skills you practiced in other lessons.

This lesson will review the speaking skills from other lessons.

This lesson will review the listening skills you have practiced over the last few weeks. You are welcome to return to the previous chapters for extra review.

This lesson will review the speaking skills you have practiced over the last few weeks. You are welcome to return to the previous chapters for extra review.

Now that we have reached the end of the semester, we will review what we have learned and practice by applying listening strategies to improve comprehension of both directly stated information and implied information.

Now that we have reached the end of the semester, we will review what we have learned and practice by applying speaking strategies to improve fluency, organization, and accuracy.