This scope and sequence provides a suggested order of teaching these topics.

Communication always has a purpose. The speaker has ideas that that he or she wants the listener to understand. The most important of those ideas are called main ideas.

Listening for detail refers to the type of listening we do in which we can’t afford to ignore anything because we don’t know exactly what information of the listening passage will be necessary to complete the task.

This semester we have focused on identifying main ideas, major details, purpose, and point of view. These are the big components of organization of ideas. However, there are many listening contexts that will require you to listen even more closely for additional details.

On occasion, a speaker does not directly say the main idea. Rather than clearly tell the listener this important information, the speaker gives clues for the listener.

Your point of view is your perspective. Understanding how the speaker's view on the topic may influence the purpose, organization, and reliability of the information. It will also give you an idea of how you are expected to respond.

We have discussed purpose a few times so far this semester. Specifically, we introduced the idea when we talked about understanding the organization of ideas. In this lesson, we will practice this listening skill further.

A listening strategy is a conscious action a listener does to better understand what he or she is listening to. In other words, it is a choice the listener makes to improve comprehension. One strategy for listening is predicting what information will follow.

What do you do when you hear an unfamiliar word? Do you stop everything to try to understand it? Do you ignore it? Do you have strategies in mind for these situations? When you first started learning English, this was frequent experience for you and your reaction was hopefully different than it is now. In this lesson, we will talk about strategies you can use when you hear new vocabulary.

In this section, we will talk about organizing your ideas when speaking in English

To infer means to understand something unsaid based on the evidence you find in what is said. In other words, you must listen "between the lines" to understand.

Accurately narrating and describing events in the past is one of the markers of advanced language use. Although at your level you have control over the basics, it is always good to review and to practice the variations of past narrations and descriptions to improve your fluency and accuracy.

Narrating in the future is an important language function. Not only does a future narration allow you to express plans and goals for the future, but you can begin to make predictions and hypotheses about long-term impacts of actions.

In this section, we will review the basics of tense and aspect. We will practice applying different aspects when speaking in the present. 

What is a narration? A narration is a story or a sequence of events. It is the explanation of an experience to an audience. We use narrations in many different ways, but the most common in spoken English is telling about something that already happened.

Accurately narrating and describing events in the past is one of the markers of advanced language use. Although at your level you have control over the basics, it is always good to review and to practice the variations of past narrations and descriptions to improve your fluency and accuracy.

Prosody is a word that means the patterns of rhythm and sound used in language. Rhythm is connected to stress or emphasis. Sound in prosody refers to intonation. Together, stress and intonation create the "musical" aspect of a language. Learning to match your patterns to those of a native speaker will help you sound more fluent and in control of your English.

One of the impacts of the rhythm of English is the occurrence of reductions. These suprasegmentals are part of the reason that new English language learners feel like there is a big difference between the English they hear in class and the English they hear in authentic situations. As always, when we talk about prosody and pronunciation patterns, the context of speaking and the individuals' regional and personal patterns will influence how language is actually used.

One of the features of advanced language speaking is the ability to express your opinions. In the beginning, your opinions might be expressed in a very controlled way. You use a specific structure, your time is limited, you are able to prepare your thoughts, and you are uninterrupted. This is the type of speaking you are expected to do in an assessment like the TOEFL. However, as you continue to progress in your use of the language, you will become more flexible and developed in your expressions of opinions.

One of the most common ways we express understanding after listening is the act of summarizing. So while this is a speaking strategy, it is dependent on your ability to first understand something you listen to or read.

What do you do when you can't remember a word in English? How do you talk about a topic without saying it directly? This skill is known as circumlocution.

Author AA Milne, creator of the popular character Winnie the Pooh, once said that "Organization is what you do before you do something, so that when you do it, it's not all mixed up." Organizing your ideas and moving logically and clearly from one point to the next is one of the hallmarks of an advanced language speaker. 

We use social language skills in our daily interactions with other people. The term language pragmatics refers to how appropriate our language (both verbal and nonverbal) is to accomplish the purpose of our communication in a particular situation.  Important consideration should be given to directness, politeness, and deference.

One of the things that should become more comfortable as you improve your English is the ability to respond appropriately to unexpected situations. 

Asking questions serves a few important purposes. First, asking a question allows you an opportunity to check your understanding. Second, a question can show the speaker that you have been respectfully listening and focused. And finally, questions help to facilitate the movement of the conversation. 

In this section, we will discuss the differences in use between fact (certainty) and opinion (hedging). We will practice applying different aspects when speaking in the present. 

The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) describes the levels of proficiency in a language in great detail. At the Advanced Mid level, the explanation includes "Narration and description tend to be combined and interwoven to relate relevant and supporting facts in connected, paragraph-length discourse." This idea of connection will continue to be a focus for this course.

Sharing your opinion and supporting it with personal experiences is good. Sharing that same opinion and using a supporting idea from an external source is better. Sharing that opinion and using multiple external sources to support your ideas is best.

Sentence variety is a strategy to enhance the flow of ideas, intensify points, and sustain the interest of your listeners. Varying the length, rhythm, and structure of sentences are three ways to create variety and interest in your speech.

Sentence variety is a strategy to enhance the flow of ideas, intensify points, and sustain the interest of your listeners. Varying the length, rhythm, and structure of sentences are three ways to create variety and interest in your speech.

Sentence variety is a strategy to enhance the flow of ideas, intensify points, and sustain the interest of your listeners. Varying the length, rhythm, and structure of sentences are three ways to create variety and interest in your speech.

Sentence variety is a strategy to enhance the flow of ideas, intensify points, and sustain the interest of your listeners. Varying the length, rhythm, and structure of sentences are three ways to create variety and interest in your speech.

Sentence variety is a strategy to enhance the flow of ideas, intensify points, and sustain the interest of your listeners. Varying the length, rhythm, and structure of sentences are three ways to create variety and interest in your speech.

Sentence variety is a strategy to enhance the flow of ideas, intensify points, and sustain the interest of your listeners. Varying the length, rhythm, and structure of sentences are three ways to create variety and interest in your speech.

Sentence variety is a strategy to enhance the flow of ideas, intensify points, and sustain the interest of your listeners. Varying the length, rhythm, and structure of sentences are three ways to create variety and interest in your speech.

Sentence variety is a strategy to enhance the flow of ideas, intensify points, and sustain the interest of your listeners. Varying the length, rhythm, and structure of sentences are three ways to create variety and interest in your speech.

Narrating in the future is an important language function. Not only does a future narration allow you to express plans and goals for the future, but you can begin to make predictions and hypotheses about long-term impacts of actions.

In previous weeks, we discussed the main three aspects of past and present tense. In addition to these verb forms, we have active and passive forms of the verbs. Active verbs are the forms we have discussed so far.

This chapter will review the speaking skills you learned in the first half of the semester. Your teacher may assign lessons to review, or you can decide which lessons you want to review. This lesson will focus on providing practice for class time to practice these skills. However, some of the practice may require you to prepare before class.

For listening practice this week, we will use one video for a few different activities. You will practice with small parts of the video and then watch the complete video.

For listening practice this week, we will use one video for a few different activities. You will practice with small parts of the video and then watch the complete video.

This chapter will review the speaking skills you learned during the semester. Your teacher may assign lessons to review, or you can decide which lessons you want to review. This lesson will focus on providing practice for class time to practice these skills. However, some of the practice may require you to prepare before class.