Simulations and games are two types of virtual immersive environments (VIEs) increasingly used in education. In VIEs, simulations and games can provide learners with a unique opportunity to explore complex and dynamic systems, interact with real-world scenarios, and develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills.

Simulations are computer-generated models that aim to replicate real-world systems and situations. They offer a safe and controlled environment for learners to explore complex scenarios, develop problem-solving skills, and enhance critical thinking abilities. In virtual immersive environments (VIEs), simulations can create lifelike settings that enable learners to interact with real-world situations and systems. Additionally, simulations can serve as virtual laboratories, allowing learners to conduct experiments and analyze data without the risks or limitations of physical experiments (McGaghie et al., 2016).

Games are virtual environments that engage learners in an interactive and immersive experience. In VIEs, games can create engaging and interactive learning experiences that motivate learners to explore and learn. Games can also create virtual scenarios that allow learners to develop problem-solving and critical-thinking skills and explore complex and dynamic systems (de Freitas & Oliver, 2006).

Simulations and games in VIEs can provide learners with several benefits. For example, simulations and games can provide learners with a safe and controlled environment to explore complex systems and scenarios without the risks and costs associated with real-world experimentation. Simulations and games can also provide learners with immediate feedback and support, allowing them to quickly identify areas of strength and weakness and adjust their learning accordingly.

However, challenges are also associated with using simulations and games in VIEs. One challenge is the potential for simulations and games to be too simplistic or not reflective of the real world. In such cases, learners may not develop a deep understanding of the complex systems they are exploring (Kebritchi et al., 2010). Additionally, games may be viewed as too entertaining or not serious enough to be considered a valid form of learning.

To overcome these challenges, VIE designers and educators must carefully design and implement simulations and games. Simulations and games in VIEs must be designed with clear objectives and expectations and provide learners with the necessary support and resources to succeed. Additionally, VIE designers and educators must be aware of the potential challenges associated with using simulations and games in VIEs. They must work to overcome these challenges through effective communication, facilitation, and feedback.

Simulations and games in VIEs can provide learners with a unique opportunity to explore complex and dynamic systems, interact with real-world scenarios, and develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills. However, to maximize the potential of simulations and games in VIEs, designers, and educators must carefully design and implement these activities and be aware of their potential challenges.

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