Personalized learning is an educational strategy that tailors instruction to each learner's unique needs, abilities, and interests. This approach has gained popularity in recent years due to advancements in technology and the recognition of the importance of individualized learning.

The definition of personalized learning varies among educators and researchers, but it generally includes the following components:

1. Customized curriculum: Learners have access to a tailored curriculum that meets their individual needs and learning goals.
2. Learning activities: Instruction is designed to be engaging and relevant to learners' interests, with opportunities for self-directed learning.
3. Time, place, pace, and/or path of learning: Learners have flexibility in when, where, how fast, or how far they progress through their learning materials.
4. Goals: Personalized learning is focused on achieving specific learning objectives tailored to each learner's needs.
5. Data-informed personalization: Learning is informed by data on learners' performance, activity, and profile data.

Personalized learning can be implemented in various settings, including schools, universities, and corporate environments. Technology has made it possible for learners to have access to tailored instruction, but there is a need for pedagogical knowledge to understand the importance of personalized learning and increase learners' self-efficacy.

Researchers have identified five dimensions of personalized learning: learner profiles, previous knowledge, personalized learning paths, flexible self-paced learning environments, and dynamic learning analytics. These dimensions can empower learners to take ownership of their learning and increase their learning self-efficacy.

In conclusion, personalized learning is a tailored approach to instruction that considers each learner's unique needs, abilities, and interests. While there is no single definition of personalized learning, it generally includes customized curriculum, engaging learning activities, flexibility in time, place, pace, or path, goals-based learning, and data-informed personalization. As technology continues to evolve, personalized learning has the potential to provide tailored, individualized instruction that can increase learners' self-efficacy and promote lifelong learning.