Note: Scores not included

3a: Teacher Models Expression

• Teacher uses lots of questioning, extending, and clarifying

• Teacher uses terms such as “main idea”

• Teacher consistently restates what students say and elaborates on their expression

• Teacher uses rephrasing after students share in order to model her own thinking to help students with their idea expression

• Teacher incorporates students’ everyday language into conversation and encourages use of students’ language of choice

3b: Teacher Elicits Complex Expression

• Teacher positions self as learner and aims to expand on students’ thinking and expression by speaking as if she does not understand how to make the sandwich

• Teacher prompts students to explain their steps in more detailed, specific ways and to provide clearer instructions for making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich

3c: Teacher Affirms and Extends Verbal and Nonverbal Expression

• Teacher rephases for clarification and to extend students’ contributions with additional detail

• Teacher acknowledges students’ language of choice and applies the way they speak to the activity

  • Students are allowed to use Pidgin (Hawaiʻi-creole English) when creating their own sentence about making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich

  • Teacher transcribes students’ sentences which use their everyday language

    • Example: “I like to put jelly, guava kine.” 

3d: Students Author Ideas with Everyday Language

• All students use their own everyday language when expressing ideas, in this case Pidgin 

• Students respond to teacher questioning using everyday language

• Students participate in creating sentences for their collaborative story using their everyday language

• Students operate as “knowers” and teach the teacher how to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich by describing the sequencing steps

• Topic of making sandwiches is familiar to students and encourages student expression and participation

• Overlapping speech is a natural speech pattern for Hawaiʻi students. It is viewed as a positive and valuable aspect of this conversation raising the engagement of students and indicating that students are comfortable with the topic and learning environment