IntroductionPart I. Instructional Design PracticeUnderstanding1. Becoming a Learning Designer2. Designing for Diverse Learners3. Conducting Research for Design4. Determining Environmental and Contextual Needs5. Conducting a Learner AnalysisExploring6. Problem Framing7. Task and Content Analysis8. Documenting Instructional Design DecisionsCreating9. Generating Ideas10. Instructional Strategies11. Instructional Design Prototyping StrategiesEvaluating12. Design Critique13. The Role of Design Judgment and Reflection in Instructional Design14. Instructional Design Evaluation15. Continuous Improvement of Instructional MaterialsPart II. Instructional Design KnowledgeSources of Design Knowledge16. Learning Theories17. The Role of Theory in Instructional Design18. Making Good Design Judgments via the Instructional Theory Framework19. The Nature and Use of Precedent in Designing20. Standards and Competencies for Instructional Design and Technology ProfessionalsInstructional Design Processes21. Design Thinking22. Robert Gagné and the Systematic Design of Instruction23. Designing Instruction for Complex Learning24. Curriculum Design Processes25. Agile Design Processes and Project ManagementDesigning Instructional Activities26. Designing Technology-Enhanced Learning Experiences27. Designing Instructional Text 28. Audio and Video Production for Instructional Design Professionals29. Using Visual and Graphic Elements While Designing Instructional Activities30. Simulations and Games31. Designing Informal Learning Environments32. The Design of Holistic Learning Environments33. Measuring Student LearningDesign Relationships34. Working With Stakeholders and Clients35. Leading Project Teams36. Implementation and Instructional DesignAppendicesAuthor Biographies

Designing Instructional Activities

Instructional designers have developed a large number of practical techniques for designing specific kinds of learning activities. The chapters in this section focus on tips, principles, or other considerations important for making the activities they design as effective as possible.