Appendices
  • Answer Key

    • Answer Key

    The answer key below provides the answers for exercises and recommended rubrics for assessments. 

    Unit 1

    Exercises

    Exercise 1.1

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 1.2

    1. The fire is very hot. It is as hot as the sun. 
    2. Answers will vary.
    3. The knight is compared to a cinnamon bun. 
    4. The dragon breathed fire on the knight and cooked him like a cinnamon bun is cooked by an oven. 
    5. Answers will vary.
    6. The damsel is compared to a "tater" which is a potato.
    7. The dragon breathed fire on the damsel and cooked her like a potato is cooked by an oven or fire.
    8. Answers will vary.

    Exercise 1.3

    Answers will vary but should include the important ideas about a dragon, a knight, and a princess. 

    Exercise 1.4

    • Answers will vary but should include the idea of pregnancy.
    • The woman is compared to nine syllables because pregnancy usually last about 9 months. 
    • The woman is compared to an elephant, house, and melon because she has a bigger and rounder stomach when pregnant. 
    • The woman is compared to a cow in calf because she is also pregnant with a baby and is an eaten bag of green apples because green apples are unripe fruit similar to how the baby is still forming1. 
    • The emotion in the second half of the poem is more negative or uncomfortable than the first half of the poem. 
    • She is nervous or worried about the pregnancy but has to continue on.

    1.https://poemanalysis.com/sylvia-plath/metaphors/

    Exercise 1.5

    1. Answers will vary. 

    2. Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 1.6

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 1.7

    • Answers will vary but should include fog.
    • The fog is moving slowly like a cat. 
    • Answers will vary. 
    • Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 1.8

    1. night, light, right, bright, flight, sight, height; day, they, bay, way, gay, pray

    2. Yes

    3. Answers will vary. 

    4. Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 1.9

    Part A

    1. calling, falling; mountainside, bide; meadow, snow, shadow, so

    2. yes

    Part B

    A, B, A, B, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C

    Part C

         4. ABCB DDDD DDDD 

    Exercise 1.10

    1. c

    2. b

    3. a

    4. e

    5. d

    Exercise 1.11

    see annotation directions

    Exercise 1.12

    Answers will vary but the first letters of each line should spell a name.

    Exercise 1.13

    Answers will vary, but the should follow the 5,7,5 syllable pattern.

    Exercise 1.14

    see annotation directions

    Exercise 1.15

    Answers will vary but should have an unstressed stressed syllable pattern. 

    Exercise 1.16

    Answers will vary but should have an ABAB rhyme scheme. 

    Exercise 1.17

    Part A

    see annotation directions

    Part B

    Answers may vary.

    Exercise 1.18

    see annotation directions

    Exercise 1.19

    Part A

    Answers will vary.

    Part B

    Answers will vary but should have an AABBA rhyme scheme.

    Exercise 1.20

    Part A

    Answers will vary.

    Part B

    Answers will vary but should be at least two stanzas long and be about an event.

    Exercise 1.21

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 1.22

    Part A

    Answers will vary. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary but should be at least two lines long.

    Exercise 1.23

    1. like

    2. as, as

    3. like

    4. like

    5. as, as

    6. Answers will vary but may be similar to "bright".

    7. Answers will vary but may be similar to "happy".

    8. Answers will vary but may be similar to "warm" or "comforting".

    9. Answers will vary but may be similar to "as loud".

    10. Answers will vary but may be similar to "high"

    Exercise 1.24

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 1.25

    Answers will vary but may be similar to the following: 

    1. Answers will vary. 

    2. The cheese smelled like old socks. The cheese smelled as bad as old socks. 

    3. I entered the room like a movie star on the red carpet. I entered the room as grandly as a movie star on the red carpet. 

    4. The hat was a siren. The hat was a loud, noticeable siren. 

    5. The page in the book was a sky without clouds. The page in the book was an empty sky without clouds. 

    6. Hope is a strong wrestler. The idea of hope is a strong wrestler. 

    Exercise 1.26

    1. Answers will vary.

    2. The crowd of people is as quiet as a library. 

    3. We saw a tree as tall as the Empire State Building. 

    4. Answers will vary. 

    5. Answers will vary.

    6. I wanted ice cream like a person in the desert wants water. 

    Exercise 1.27

     Answers will vary.

    Exercise 1.28

     Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 1.29

     Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 1.30

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 1.31

    Part A

    1. Answers will vary.

    2. Answers will vary. 

    3. Answers will vary, but the correctly edited version is "Beneath the icy cap, the water still flows." 

    4. Answers will vary

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 1.32

     1. b, the sound in a student's native language will vary by the native language

    2. a, the sound in a student's native language will vary by the native language

    3. d, the sound in a student's native language will vary by the native language

    4. c, the sound in a student's native language will vary by the native language

    Exercise 1.33

    1. see annotation directions

    2. Answers will vary. 

    3. see annotation directions

    4. see annotation directions

    5. see annotation directions

    6. Answers will vary

    7. Answers will vary but should follow the given format: Action 1, More about action 1, Onomatopoeia, and Action 2. 

    Exercise 1.34

     Answers will vary.

    Exercise 1.35

     1. A Loud Zoo

    The king of the jungle roared

    calling to his subjects. 

    The elephants trumpeted.

    The gorillas grunted. 

    The monkeys chattered. 

    They followed the gorillas in all respects. 

    The eagle cried. 

    Even the ducks quacked. 

    2. Answers will vary

    Exercise 1.36

     Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 1.37

    Part A

     Answers will vary. 

    Part B

     Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 1.38

     Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 1.39

     1. The willow leaned down to listen to the stream. 

          The waves jump up to tell the willow its dream.

    2. The potato was surprised to become chips. 

        The milk was happy to become ice cream.

    3.  The oven stole my dinner. 

          It burnt it and so was the winner. 

    Exercise 1.40

     See annotation directions. 

    Exercise 1.41

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 1.42

    Part A

    Answers will vary. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 1.43

     Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 1.44

    1. I

    2. D

    3. D

    4. I

    5. I

    Exercise 1.45

    1. SI

    2. CP

    3. SI

    4. CX

    5. CC

    Exercise 1.46

    Part A

    1. SF

    2. SI

    3. CP

    4. SF

    5. CX

    6. SF

    7. SI

    8. CC

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 1.47

    Part A

    1. Answers will vary but should use simple sentences. 

    2. Answers will vary but should use compound-complex sentences. 

    Part B

    1. Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 1.48

     Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 1.49

     Answers will vary but should be about a place and should purposefully break grammar rules 

    Exercise 1.50

    1. F or RF

    2. F or RF

    3. R

    4. RF

    5. R

    6. FR 

    Exercise 1.51

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 1.52

     Answers will vary.

    Exercise 1.53

    Answers will vary but should have an ABABA rhyme scheme.

    Exercise 1.54

    Part A

    Answers will vary. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Part C

     Answers will vary but should have an ABBA rhyme scheme.

    Exercise 1.55

    1. This poem is about free verse poetry. 

    2. Yes

    3. No

    4. Answers will vary but should not use a rhyme scheme

    5. Answers will vary but should not use rhyming words

    Exercise 1.56

     Answers will vary but should be about the picture and use the 5,7,5 syllable pattern. 

    Exercise 1.57

    Part A

    Answers will vary but should include 3 literary devices. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 1.58

     Answers will vary. 

    Assessments

    Vocabulary and Concept Terms Assessment

    (not provided here for assessment security)

    Grammar Assessment

    (not provided here for assessment security)

    Writing Assessment

    1. Nature Poem Rubric

      Description
    5
    • The poem clearly expresses one or more ideas about nature.
    • The poem uses literary devices and strategic grammar to enhance the expression of the ideas in the poem effectively.
    • The poem may or may not rhyme, have a rhyme scheme, or have a syllable pattern.
    • The poem may be any type of poetry. 
    4
    • The poem expresses one or more ideas about nature.
    • The poem uses literary devices and strategic grammar to enhance the expression of the ideas in the poem.
    • The poem may or may not rhyme, have a rhyme scheme, or have a syllable pattern.
    • The poem may be any type of poetry. 
    3
    • The poem is about nature. 
    • The poem attempts to use literary devices and strategic grammar to enhance the expression of the ideas in the poem.
    • The poem may or may not rhyme, have a rhyme scheme, or have a syllable pattern.
    • The poem may be any type of poetry. 
    2
    • The poem mentions nature. 
    • The poem may have literary devices or strategic grammar but not both. 
    • The poem may or may not rhyme, have a rhyme scheme, or have a syllable pattern.
    • The poem may be any type of poetry. 
    1
    • The poem is about a different topic.
    • The poem does not include literary devices or strategic grammar. 
    • The poem may or may not rhyme, have a rhyme scheme, or have a syllable pattern.
    • The poem may be any type of poetry. 

    2. Rhyme Scheme Poem Rubric

      Description
    5
    • The poem includes rhymes and has a clear rhyme scheme. 
    4
    • The poem includes rhymes and has a rhyme scheme.
    3
    • The poem includes rhymes and attempts a rhyme scheme. The rhyme scheme may be unclear or unapparent.  
    2
    • The poem includes rhyming words.
    1
    •  The poem does not include any rhyme scheme or rhyming words.  

    3. Student Choice Poem Rubric

      Description
    5
    • The poem follows the conventions of a type of poetry including syllable patterns, rhyme schemes, and stanza structure (or the lack thereof if the poem is free verse) to effectively express an idea. 
    • The poem is at least 3 lines long. 
    4
    • The poem follows the conventions of a type of poetry including syllable patterns, rhyme schemes, and stanza structure (or the lack thereof if the poem is free verse) to express an idea. 
    • The poem is at least 3 lines long. 
    3
    • The poem attempts to follow the conventions of a type of poetry including syllable patterns, rhyme schemes, and stanza structure (or the lack thereof if the poem is free verse).
    • The poem is at least 3 lines long. 
    2
    • The poem combines conventions of a type of poetry or is free verse. 
    • The poem is 2 lines long. 
    1
    • The poem combines conventions of a type of poetry or is free verse. 
    • The poem is 1 line long.

    Unit 2

    Exercises

    Exercise 2.1

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.2

    • Answers will vary.
    • They were trying to find a missing bracelet.
    • Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.3

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.4

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.5

    1. Euphemism is a polite, indirect way of saying something. 

    2. He means that the girl, Miss Farren, will be fired.

    3. He pauses because he does not want to be rude. He hesitates to find a polite way to say "fired" instead. 

    4. Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.6

    Part A

    • "bad" and "luck" are near opposites, and "awfully" and "good" are opposites. "Bad luck" and "awfully good" use two opposites together to make one idea, so they are oxymorons. 
    • Answers may vary. 

    Part B

     The order of the answers below may vary. 

    • press release
    • bittersweet
    • old news
    • frightfully friendly
    • freezer burn
    • deafening silence

    Exercise 2.7

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.8

     1. Answers may vary but may include that they were both old plays, had romance in the story, and were short. 

    2. Answers may vary but may include that Bliss had more settings, was outside at one point, had more characters, had words, and had a happy ending, while A Ballroom Tragedy had fewer settings, was only inside, had fewer characters, had no words, and had a sad ending. 

    3. Bliss had a happy ending. A Ballroom Tragedy had a sad ending. 

    4. Answers will vary.

    5. Answers will vary.

    6. Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.9

     Answers may vary but should include dialogue assigned to characters. 

    Exercise 2.10

    1. Rosamund, The Villian (Desperate Desmond), The Hero (Rosamund's sweetheart)

    2. A girl who wants to be with her sweetheart, not with the villain.

    3. It does not say.

    4. It is set in a village.

    Exercise 2.11

    Part A

    1. Answers may vary but may include the idea that love wins in the end.

    2. Rosamund is the main character. She was mentioned first and is present throughout the whole play and is the center of the conflict. 

    3. The play is set in a village, possibly in the country because there are horses. 

    Part B

    4. Answers will vary.

    5. Answers will vary.

    6. Answers will vary.

    7.

    Hyperbole: none

    Euphemism: none

    Diction may include: "mysterioso", "I suppose", "splendid", "villain", "proud and hearty beauty", "di capo, allegro, pizzicato", "cur", or "Great Scott"

    Oxymoron: none

    Alliteration: Desperate Desmond, "robbed me of my Rosamund"

    Part C

    8. Answers will vary.

    9. Answers will vary.

    Optional:

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.12

    1. act

    2. comedy

    3. tragedy

    4. scene

    5. catharsis

    Exercise 2.13

    1. catharsis

    2. tragedy

    3. act

    4. comedy

    5. scene

    Exercise 2.14

    1. act (acts)

    2. scene

    3. catharsis

    4. tragedy

    5. comedy

    Exercise 2.15

    Part A

    Answers will vary.

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.16

    Part A

    Answers will vary.

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Part C

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.17

    Part A

    Answers will vary.

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Part C

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.18

    Part A

    Answers will vary.

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Part C

    Answers will vary but should be a one-page play with a tragedy caused by a character's flaw(s)

    Exercise 2.19

    Part A

    Answers will vary.

    Part B

    Answers will vary but will include one humorous element and one tragic flaw

    Part C

    Answers will vary.

    Optional

    Answers will vary but should be a one-page play with at least one humorous element and one tragic flaw. 

    Exercise 2.20

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.21

    Part A

    Answers will vary.

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.22

    1. Answers will vary.

    2. Answers will vary.

    3. Answers will vary but may be similar to "The game went on forever."

    4. Answers will vary but may be similar to "That pie could feed a whole town."

    Exercise 2.23

    Part A

    1. Answers will vary but may be similar to "My backpack weighs a ton."

    2. Answers will vary but may be similar to "I am so tired, I could sleep for a year."

    3. Answers will vary but may be similar to "She told me a million times."

    4. Answers will vary.

    5. Answers will vary but may be similar to "He was so hungry he could eat a cow."

    6. Answers will vary.

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.24

    1. under the weather

    2. let go

    3. between jobs

    4. kicked the bucket

    5. tossed his cookies

    6. over the hill

    7. cozy

    8. has a bun in the oven

    9. fell off the back of a truck

    10. not the sharpest crayon in the box

    Exercise 2.25

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.26

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.27

    1.  Amanda is feeling a bit under the weather right now. 

    2. My dog is getting on in years. 

    3. He passed away peacefully in his sleep yesterday. 

    4. They do not do suffer fools gladly. 

    5. My car leaves a lot to be desired. 

    Exercise 2.28

    1. formal; Students' lists of words or phrases will vary. 

    2. informal; Students' lists of words or phrases will vary. 

    3. informal or poetic; Students' lists of words or phrases will vary. 

    4. formal; Students' lists of words or phrases will vary. 

    5. informal; Students' lists of words or phrases will vary. 

    6. formal; Students' lists of words or phrases will vary. 

    7. informal or formal; Students' lists of words or phrases will vary. 

    8. informal (may vary by culture); Students' lists of words or phrases will vary. 

    9. formal or poetic; Students' lists of words or phrases will vary. 

    Exercise 2.29

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 2.30

    Part A

    Answers will vary. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 2.31

    1. I am fastening my seatbelt. Don't worry. OR I fastened my seatbelt. Don't worry.

    2. They talked nonstop, so I never got around to telling them about the change in plans. 

    3. That old phone is obsolete. You should try this one. 

    4. They are playing in the garden because the weather today is quite delightful. 

    5. Dude, that is totally rad. 

    Exercise 2.32

    1. jumbo shrimp

    2. random order

    3. plastic silverware

    4. working vacation

    5. even odds

    6. loud whisper

    7. wise fool

    8. only choice

    Exercise 2.33

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 2.34

    1. This morning was seriously funny. 

    2. His answer was clearly ambiguous. 

    3. Answers will vary but should include more descriptive language than "small". 

    4. The couple ran away to be alone together. 

    5. He was clearly confused. 

    6. Answers will vary but should include a clear description of the situation. 

    7. My grandmother told us stories of the past every Saturday. It was like visiting living history. 

    8. (add) The two teams' ideas were uniquely similar. 

    9.  Answers will vary but should include more descriptive language than "sweet and sour". 

    Exercise 2.35

    1. The cake at brunch was terribly good. 

    2. I am just a wise fool. 

    3. The thief tried to act naturally but still got caught. 

    4. "Excuse me, I ordered the Jumbo shrimp.

    5. The love between the princess and her guard was an open secret. 

    Exercise 2.36

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.37

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.39

    Answers may vary but will be similar to the following:

    1. Hey! How have you been Harry?

    2. That dazzling view is detoxifying my day. 

    3. Don't joke Jimmy. This is seriously serious. 

    4. I got all mixed up when I tried to find my way through that maze. 

    5. Alyssa always advises avoiding aloof artistic aristocrats. 

    Exercise 2.39

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 2.40

    Answers will vary but will be similar to the following:

    1. Example 1 feels more natural. 

    2. Example 1 uses formal language for the principal and uses a mix of formal and informal language when the student is giving a speech to her classmates. It uses informal language when the two students are speaking to each other casually. 

    3. Example 2 feels unnatural because the principal is too informal and uses slang. The student speaker is too formal for a high school teenager speaking with her fellow classmates. When the two students speak to each other, they are also too formal. 

    4. Use formal language for older characters and formal situations. Use informal language for younger characters and informal situations. 

    Exercise 2.41

    1. Amy and Troy can't come to the surprise party. 

    2. We couldn't eat another bite.  

    3. Melanie, there's something I have to tell you. 

    4. I'm not saying I willn't go, but I'll have to go later.  

    5. They've never been to Mexico. 

    Expansions

    6. Sidney has not been skydiving. 

    7. She would win all the games. 

    8. Brodie, what will you do?

    9. Who have you invited?

    10. Tyrone does not like ice cream. 

    Exercise 2.42

    Answers will vary but may be similar to the following:

    1. give off

    2. talk back

    3. fix up

    4. liberate

    5. investigate

    6. look for

    7. read up

    8. persevere

    9. get done

    10. deduct

    Exercise 2.43

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 2.44

    Part A

    Informal

    1. I can't wait to meet you're family!

    2. The tiger hasn't ever left the zoo.

    3. The kid made up the story about the wolf. 

    4. We always run into my moms' friends when we go out. 

    5. You can't give up yet!

    Formal

    6. It is difficult to define success. 

    7. I must challenge this decision. 

    8. Leo reflects on his actions from last Wednesday. 

    9. I'll prove this is true. 

    10. They must have limited the number of attendees due to fire regulations. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 2.45

    Answers will vary but may be similar to the following:

    1. The parents are Mr. Darling and Mrs. Darling. The children are Micheal and Wendy. The parents speak more formally. The children speak like children. They are very polite, but Micheal and Wendy speak mostly like children. 

    2. Mr. Darling speaks more informally and directly than Mrs. Darling. He speaks informally because he is talking to a child. He is also more strict. 

    3. Micheal speaks in simpler, less polite, and shorter sentences than Wendy. Micheal is more informal than Wendy. Wendy is more formal than Micheal. 

    4. The parents are middle-aged. Wendy is a preteen or teenager. Micheal is a young child. The parents speak like adults. Wendy speaks like a polite young lady, not quite an adult but older than Micheal. Micheal speaks in short, not always polite words like a young child. The topics discussed in the dialogue also help as a clue. 

    5. Because this scene happens in the past when people spoke more formally, even at home the family sounds mostly formal and polite. 

    Exercise 2.46

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 2.47

    Answers will vary but should include two scenes with the same character. One scene should use informal language and the other scene should use formal language. 

    Exercise 2.48

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 2.49

    1. See annotation directions. 

    2. See annotation directions

    3. Answers will vary. 

    4. Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 2.50

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.51

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.52

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.53

    Part A

    Answers will vary but should include written scenes.

    Part B

    1. Answers will vary. 

    2. Answers will vary. 

    3. Answers will vary

    4. Answers will vary but should include two comments on strengths and two comments on weaknesses. 

    Exercise 2.54

    Answers will vary but should include three scenes with characters, settings, beginnings, middles, and ends. 

    Exercise 2.55

    Answers will vary but should be a written comedy.

    Exercise 2.56

    Part A

    Answers will vary but should be one of the given topics and should be comedic.

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 2.57

    Part A

    Answers will vary.

    Part B

    Answers will vary but should be a scene that includes resolution with catharsis.

    Exercise 2.58

    Answers will vary but should be a scene about one of the topics and should have at least one character and a setting. 

    Exercise 2.59

    Answers will vary but should include a school setting and be a complete scene. 

    Exercise 2.60

    Part A

    Answers will vary but should include one informal character and one formal character using the appropriate grammar. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 2.61

    Part A

    Answers will vary but should be at a one-page opening scene that uses at least one literary device and purposeful informal or formal grammar. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 2.62

    Answers will vary.

    Assessments

    Vocabulary and Concept Terms Assessment

    (not provided here for assessment security)

    Grammar Assessment

    (not provided here for assessment security)

    Writing Assessment

    U2 Play Rubric

      Description
    5
    • The play is written as one act with a clear beginning, middle, and end. It may have multiple scenes in one act. 
    • The play uses literary devices to enhance the expression of meaning. 
    • The play effectively uses the unique features of its type of play to enhance the audience's experience. 
    • The play uses informal and formal grammar strategically to create a natural feel. 
    4
    • The play is written as one act with a beginning, middle, and end. It may have multiple scenes in one act. 
    • The play uses literary devices.
    • The play uses the unique features of its type of play.
    • The play uses informal and formal grammar strategically. 
    3
    •  The play is written as one act or more acts with a beginning, middle, and end.
    • The play uses at least one literary device.
    • The play is recognizable as one of the types of plays.
    • The play uses informal or formal grammar. 
    2
    • The play is an attempt at one act with two of the three following parts: a beginning, middle, and end.
    • The play attempts to use at least one literary device.
    • The play may be one of types of plays, but the type is not clear. 
    • The play uses grammar with a few mistakes that do not interfere with the meaning. There is little if no attempt to use informal or formal grammar specifically.
    1
    • The play is an incomplete attempt at a play with only one of the three following parts: a beginning, middle, or end. 
    • The play does not use literary devices. 
    • The play is not recognizable as one of the types of plays. 
    • The play has poor grammar usage throughout that interferes with the audience understanding the meaning. 

    Unit 3

    Exercises

    Exercise 3.1

     Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.2

     Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.3

    1. The flashback was about Carter Druse telling his father he was going to join the Union Army.

    2. Some things that were learned about the main character from the flashback include how he became a soldier, more about his family including his mother, and that he and his father are on opposite sides of the war. 

    3. The flashback directly explains the ending of the story. Without the flashback, the reader would not know that the father and son were on different sides in the war. They may not have understood Carter Druse's emotional struggle in making his decision. They may not have understood that the father was there because he also lived nearby. 

    4. The flashback is just general background information until the reader comes to the shocking end of the story. Then the flashback helps explain the other events of the story including the father's death. 

    Exercise 3.4

    Part A

     C

    Part B

    Answers may vary.

    Exercise 3.5

    1. Della and James (Jim) are the main characters. 

    2. The setting of this story is a cheap apartment, a hair store, and other stores.  

    3. The characters face the problem that they want to buy each other Christmas gifts, but they do not have much money. 

    4. Della sells her hair. James sells his watch. 

    Exercise 3.6

    1. "One dollar and eighty-seven cents" or money is the motif in this paragraph. 

    2. Answers will vary. 

    3. The phrase "one dollar and eighty-seven cents" is not repeated exactly, but money is repeated throughout the story. 

    4. Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.7

    1. Answers will vary.

    2. The paradox in this paragraph is that the two main characters were both foolish and wise. 

    3. Della and Jim may be considered foolish because they sold their prized possessions and both of the gifts they gave to each other were then useless. However, they were wise because they were willing to sacrifice their prized possessions for a loved one's happiness. 

    Exercise 3.8

    Part A

    Matches:

    • Della - Queen of Sheeba
    • James - King Soloman
    • Della and James - the Magi

    1. The allusion to the Queen of Sheeba was made because the Queen of Sheeba was known for being very wealthy and even all her wealth and beautiful jewels wouldn't compare to Della's hair. She had beautiful hair. It was her treasure. 

    2. The Magi are mentioned to conclude the story and explain its moral of giving wise gifts of the heart. It also builds on the other biblical allusions made in the story. 

    3. King Solomon was a rich king and shares a bible story with the Queen of Sheeba. The allusion is made to connect with the Queen of Sheeba allusion and also to say that even with all of his wealth King Solomon would envy Jim's watch. It was a nice watch. It was his treasure. 

    4. Answers may vary.

    Part B

    1. Noah's ark all over again

    2. Beyonce

    3. Cupid

    4. Pandora's box

    5. to catch 'em all 

    Exercise 3.9

    Answers will vary but may include

    • This story is about a man trying to build a fire in the winter. 
    • This story happens near the Yukon River.
    • The story begins with a man traveling with his dog. 
    • Answers will vary about what the most exciting part was. 
    • The story ends when the man dies of the cold and the dog leaves. The man fails to solve the problem.
    • Answers will vary about what students' favorite parts of the story were. 

    Exercise 3.10

    1. There was a flashback when he remembered the advice of the old man. 

    2. There was foreshadowing in the mentions of the cold and freezing at the start of the story. 

    3. Answers will vary but may include fire, 50 degrees below zero, knowledge, or dogs. 

    4. Answers will vary but may include 

    5. Answers may vary but there are no obvious paradoxes in this story. 

    6. Answers will vary but there are no obvious allusions in this story. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.11

    Answers will vary but should show a gradually rising line to the climax and then a fall afterward until the resolution.

    Exercise 3.12

    Inciting Incident: Carter Druse, a Union soldier, wakes up and sees an enemy soldier. 

    Rising Action: Answers will vary but should include events between the inciting incident and the climax.

    Climax: Carter Druse shoots the enemy soldier. 

    Falling Action: The other soldier at the bottom of the cliff sees the enemy soldier on his horse falling and thinks the horseman was flying. 

    Resolution: Carter Druse tells the soldier who comes to check on him that the enemy soldier he shot was his father. 

    Exercise 3.13

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 3.14

    Answers will vary but should be one-page short stories on the topic of personal growth and should use 1st person pronouns.

    Exercise 3.15

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 3.16

    Answers will vary but should be a 1-2 page story involving nature. 

    Exercise 3.17

    Part A

     3

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Part C

    Answers will vary but should be a 3-4 sentence summary of a flashback that would fit story 3 from part a. 

    Exercise 3.18

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 3.19

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 3.20

    1. It was eleven years ago, that we were in the accident. 

    2. They had not wondered before whether they would find a house. 

    3. In elementary school, Ash was playing with his friends. 

    4. Marvin liked to sit in the park when he lived in Chicago.

    5. My mother's favorite apron was blue, I remember. 

    Exercise 3.21

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.22

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.23

    Answers will vary but should be one paragraph and should foreshadow the events of The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry.

    Exercise 3.24

    1. Answers will vary but the revised and edited version should be less obvious and possibly shorter.

    2. Answers will vary but should the revised and edited version should be less obvious.

    3. Answers will vary but may be similar to the following:

    Javier had never biked to school so fast before so he almost ran over a chattering squirrel on the sidewalk before swerving around it at the last second. 

    4. Answers will vary but the revised and edited version should be less obvious or detailed.

    5. Answers will vary but the revised and edited version should include changing "excite" to "excited" and adding a stronger clue for the foreshadowing. 

    Exercise 3.25

    Part B

    1. Answers will vary but should relate to fruit

    2. Answers will vary but should relate to wind

    3. Answers will vary but should relate to red

    4. Answers will vary but should relate to transportation

    5. Answers will vary but should relate to water

    6. Answers will vary but should relate to reflections

    7. Answers will vary but should relate to spring or new life

    8. Answers will vary but should relate to the idea of age

    Part B

    Answers will vary 

    Exercise 3.26

    Answers will vary 

    Exercise 3.27

    Answers will vary 

    Exercise 3.28

    1. The man watches the lion lounging in the sun. The big cat ruled the grasslands. 

    2. She walked past the red balloon before entering the restaurant for her date. 

    3. On her way to meet an old friend Paula pass the old lady feeding a dove in the park. OR On her way to meet an old friend Paula pass the old lady feeding doves in the park. 

    4. The open road lay before him, so he turned up the radio and kept driving. 

    5. The sun peaked out from behind the cloud as Ziva left the building. OR The sun peaks out from behind the cloud as Ziva leaves the building. 

    Exercise 3.29

    Part A

    1. E

    2. B

    3. H

    4. C

    5. A

    6. I

    7. F

    8. D

    9. J

    10. G

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 3.30

    Part A

    Answers will vary.

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 3.31

    Answers may vary but may be similar to the following:

    1.  It was the epoch of belief; it was the epoch of incredulity. 

    2. It was the season of Light; it was the season of Darkness.

    3. It was the spring of hope, yet it was the winter of despair.

    4. We had everything before us, yet we had nothing before us.

    Exercise 3.32

    1. It is awfully hard work to do nothing. 

    2. Well, one must be serious about something if one wants to have any amusement in life.

    3.  It was the best of times; it was the worst of times. 

    4.  It was the age of wisdom; it was the age of foolishness.

    5. The earth that's nature’s mother, is her tomb;
       What is her burying grave, that is her womb.

    Exercise 3.33

    Part A

    Answers will vary. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Part C

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.34

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.35

    1. Answers will vary but should replace "like that old guy from A Christmas Carol"

    2. Answers will vary should replace the Lyster painting with a more famous painting.

    3. Answers will vary but should replace Josiah Quincy with a more famous leader. 

    4. Answers will vary but should have less explanation. 

    5. Answers will vary but should have less explanation. 

    Exercise 3.36

    Part A

    1. We made an odyssey to discover ourselves.

    2. They had discovered that chocolate was my one Achilles heel. 

    3. We shall become Ceasars and build a sneaker empire like has never been seen before!

    4. Our football team was David, and their football team was Goliath. 

    5. "I can't decide on what to get. To order or not to order, that is the question," I told the cashier.

    Part B

     Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.37

    1. (simple) present and (simple) past
    2.  Answers will vary.

    Exercise 3.38

    1. No country was so wild.

    2. It went over the cliff. 

    3. Almost at the same instant he heard a crashing sound in the trees--a sound that died without an echo--and all was still. 

    4. It did not occur to him.

    5. One sunny afternoon in the autumn of the year 1861, a soldier lay in a clump of laurel by the side of a road in Western Virginia.

    6. The sergeant does not understand.

    7. He is the son of wealthy parents.

    8. The commander, knowing better, smiles. 

    9. Men will make it a theater of war.

    10. It will not be for long.

    11. We will speak further of the matter.

    12.  It will be possible. 

    Exercise 3.39

    1. past progressive

    2. present progressive

    3. past progressive

    4. future progressive

    5. future progressive

    6. present progressive

    Exercise 3.40

    Part A

    Answers will vary.

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Optional:

    Answers will vary but will be a 1-page humorous story using sentences from part b. 

    Exercise 3.41

    1. past perfect.

    2. present perfect; past

    3. present perfect

    4. past perfect

    5. future perfect

    6. past progressive; past perfect 

    Exercise 3.42

    1. I have not been to France before, so I am excited to go on this trip.

    2. Susan had not finished the project by that time.

    3. The dog will not have barked every day while waiting for his owner to come home. 

    4. They had not tried all the sushi at the restaurant, so they ordered two new kinds.

    5. Nancy has baked cakes for weddings before, but this wedding cake was especially challenging.

    6. The couple will have danced for two hours together by the time the party ends, but they were so in love they did not notice the time passing.

    Exercise 3.43

    1. have been wanting

    2. have been asking

    3. have been riding

    4. had been joking

    5. will have been working

    6. will have been studying

    Exercise 3.44

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.45

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 3.46

    Part A

    Martha Dane paused, looking up at the purple-tinged copper sky. The wind had shifted since noon, while she had been inside, and the dust storm that was sweeping the high deserts to the east now blowing out over Syrtis. The sun, magnified by the haze, was a gorgeous magenta ball, as large as the sun of Terra, at which she could look directly. Tonight, some of that dust would come sifting down from the upper atmosphere to add another film to what had buried the city for the last fifty thousand years.

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.47

    Part A

    Answers will vary. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Bonus:

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.48

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.49

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.50

    Part A

    Answers will vary. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Part C

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.51

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.52

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.53

    Part A

    Answers will vary. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Part C

    Answers will vary. 

    Optional

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.54

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.55

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.56

    Part A

    Answers will vary. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.57

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.58

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.59

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.60

    Part A

    Answers will vary. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.61

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.62

     Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.63

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.64

    Part A

    Answers will vary. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.65

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.66

    Part A

    Answers will vary. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 3.67

    Answers will vary. 

    Assessments

    Vocabulary and Concept Terms Assessment

    (not provided here for assessment security)

    Grammar Assessment

    (not provided here for assessment security)

    Writing Assessment

    U3 Short Story Rubric

      Description
    5
    • The short story has a clear plot with a problem the characters are trying to overcome. 
    • The short story includes an inciting incident, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. 
    • The short story includes at least one literary device that enhances the meaning of the story and purposeful use of grammar. 
    • The short story clearly addresses the prompt/is on topic. 
    4
    • The short story has a plot with a problem the characters are trying to overcome. 
    • The short story includes an inciting incident, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. 
    • The short story includes at least one literary device and purposeful use of grammar. 
    • The short story addresses the prompt/is on topic. 
    3
    • The short story has a plot with a problem the characters know or have encountered. 
    • The short story includes the following although some of them are weak: an inciting incident, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. 
    • The short story includes at least one literary device and uses of tenses accurately. 
    • The short story addresses the prompt/is on topic. 
    2
    • The short story has characters doing actions
    • The short story includes the following at least 3 of the following: an inciting incident, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. 
    • The short story includes at least one literary device or uses of tenses accurately. 
    • The short story addresses the prompt/is on the topic a little. 
    1
    • The short story has characters. 
    • The short story includes at least one of the following: an inciting incident, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. 
    • The short story does not have any literary devices. There are many grammar mistakes that interfere with meaning. 
    • The short story is about a different topic than those given in the prompt. 

    Unit 4

    Exercises

    Exercise 4.1

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.2

    See annotation directions.

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.3

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.4

    Part A

    Answers will vary. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.5

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.6

    Answers will vary but should be a T chart.

    Exercise 4.7

    Section 1

    1. Answers may vary but may include mention of hope, possibilities, unity, or the power of democracy.

    2. Answers will vary. 

    3. Cohesive devices used include anaphora, "and, and "because". 

    4. There are no cohesive devices used to connect this section to the others. 

    5. Answers will vary. 

    Section 2

    1. Answers may vary but may include mention of gratitude or acknowledgments. 

    2. Answers will vary. 

    3. Cohesive devices used include "and", "while", and "But above all".

    4. The transition that connects this section to section 3 is the continued use of the same subject at the start of section 3. It also repeats the idea of victory at the end of section 2 and the beginning of section 3. 

    5. Answers will vary. 

    Section 3

    1. Answers may vary but may include mention of overcoming difficulties, the future, or working together. 

    2. Answers will vary. 

    3. Cohesive devices used include anaphora, "and", "For even as", "Even as", and "if".

    4. The transition is made using the cohesive device "so". 

    5. Answers will vary. 

    Section 4

    1. Answers may vary but may include mention of a new spirit of patriotism, caring for one another, or unity.

    2. Answers will vary. 

    3. Cohesive devices used include "but", "while", "though", and "and".

    4. The transition between section 4 and section 5 is made through the repetition of similar subjections, namely "And to those" and "And to all those". 

    5. Answers will vary. 

    Section 5

    1. Answers may vary but may include mention of foreign relations, message to other countries, American ideals, or change. 

    2. Answers will vary. 

    3. Cohesive devices used include anaphora, "and", "not from...but from", and "For".

    4. The transition between section 5 and section 6 is made through the repetition of the idea of time and achievement. 

    5. Answers will vary. 

    Section 6

    1. Answers may vary but may include mention of possibility and change.

    2. Answers will vary. 

    3. Cohesive devices used include "but", "except", "when", "and", anaphora, and "if".

    4. This section includes the repetition of the idea of time and accomplishment to connect it with section 6. It also repeats ideas mentioned in other sections to create unity between the sections. 

    5. Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.8

    See annotation directions.

    Exercise 4.9

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.10

    1. Answers will vary but may include "do all this, and do it right, and do it first". 

    2. Answers will vary. 

    3. Answers will vary.

    4. Answers will vary. 

    5. He lists some of the scientific details involved in going to the moon.

     6. Answers will vary. 

    7. Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.11

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.12

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.13

    1. Answers may vary. Some examples of where ethos is used are when the speaker mentions that he is a "nerd", the mentions of data presumably from experts, and the mentions of famous companies. 

    2. Answers may vary. Some examples of where pathos is used are when the speaker discusses creating connections, empathy, the need to protect animals, naming the animal avatars to make them personal, baby animals, money, the speaker's fear, and the natural world dying. 

    3. Answers may vary. Some examples of where pathos is used are when the speaker refers to data from satellites and sensors; the logic of the connection between preservation and relationships; information about the shift in the location of socializing, work, and play; the explanation in logic in how the effect of animal avatars; and the eventual development of the metaverse. 

    Exercise 4.14

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.15

    1. ethos, pathos

    2. rule of three

    3. logos

    4. logos

    5. pathos and theme

    6. rule of three

    Exercise 4.16

    see annotation directions

    Exercise 4.17

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.18

    Part A

    Answers will vary. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Part C

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.19

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 4.20

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.21

    Answers will vary but should include 1-2 sentence explanations for each type selected. 

    Exercise 4.22

    Part A

    Answers will vary. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Part C

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.23

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 4.24

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.25

    1. We must get rid of discrimination in our schools, our workplaces, and our hearts. OR  We must get rid of discrimination in our schools, in our workplaces, in and our hearts.

    2. Pursuing one's passions is difficult but many things that bring great happiness are difficult. 

    3. Do you want to start a business, What kind of business? How will you grow that business? 

    4. I have traveled the world. I have seen wonders all over the world. This is still my favorite place in the whole world. 

    5.  We can motivate our classmates, our friends in our community, family in our community, and strangers in our community. 

    Exercise 4.26

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 4.27

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.28

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.29

    1. Public safety should be one of our chief concerns, public safety should be a key topic in this debate. 

    2. Affordable housing depends on many factors. Affordable housing is hard to come by. Yet, affordable housing is needed now. 

    3. We can strengthen, can grow, can build our local business through local economic development practices.

    4. If we don't, or won't, or can't address the issue of air pollution at the local level, then we will be left waiting for people who don't even live here to clean up our mess. 

    5. This parade has been hosted in our community for generations. This parade has brought people together. 

    Exercise 4.30

    1. B

    2. G

    3. D

    4. H

    5. J

    6. I

    7. L

    8. F

    9. K

    10. E

    11. A

    12. C

    Exercise 4.31

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.32

    Answers will vary but may be similar to the following:

    1.  My plane arrived. Her plane departed. 

    2. Youth today draw their phones close, yet push their families and friends away. 

    3. Answers will vary.

    4. The laughter of the friends that were gathered together pushed back at the dreary world outside. 

    5. We must fight these false reports with more truth.

    Exercise 4.33

    1. I just read Beauty and the Beast.

    2. There was a deep calm before the storm began. 

    3. It took six human employees to fix the warehouse computer. 

    4. I woke up early only to get to class late. 

    5. While old ideas fade, new ideas brighten on the horizon. 

    Exercise 4.34

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.35

    Part A

    Answers will vary but should be 1-2 sentences each and include a symbol.

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 4.36

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 4.37

    1. This ecosystem is like Ouroboros; as they burn down in natural or controlled burns, they make way for and fertilize new growth

    2. I brought these flowers to the chairman and the board as a symbol of my gratitude to the company. 

    3. These lion-like children have fought cancer and one. 

    4. Each city in our region is a puzzle piece that works together to make our region the wonderful place it is to live in. 

    5. Our town has been through difficulties, but a new dawn is here. 

    Exercise 4.38

    1. Answers may vary but should be similar to hopeful. 

    2. Answers may vary. 

    3. Answers may vary. 

    4. Answers may vary. 

    Exercise 4.39

    Part A

    See annotation directions.

    Part B

    Answers may vary. 

    Exercise 4.40

    Answers may vary.

    Exercise 4.41

    1. Project has had nothing but problems and delays. 

    2. Mental health resources are too few and too difficult for many people to access. 

    3. Sports teams contribute to our society by giving inspiration to their fans, and other aspiring athletes. 

    4. Conservation is costly and complicated; it may help save a few animals, but it is a waste of taxpayer money. 

    5. Technology can bring wealth and prosperity to a nation. 

    Exercise 4.42

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 4.43

    Answers may include some of the following parallel structures. 

    A future where this Parliament resolves that the injustices of the past must never, never happen again.
    A future where we harness the determination of all Australians, Indigenous and non-Indigenous, to close the gap that lies between us in life expectancy, educational achievement, and economic opportunity.
    A future where we embrace the possibility of new solutions to enduring problems where old approaches have failed.
    A future based on mutual respect, mutual resolve, and mutual responsibility.

         A future where all Australians, whatever their origins, are truly equal partners, with equal opportunities and with an equal stake in shaping the next chapter in the history of this great country, Australia.

    Exercise 4.44

    1. wonderful

    2. dynamic

    3. forests

    4. in his paintings of the people of Paris

    5. Continuing Education department

    Exercise 4.45

    1. We all enjoy playing soccer, basketball, and baseball. 

    2. We must discuss honor. We must discuss ethics. We must discuss responsibility. 

    3. Love can do many things, heal many hurts, and lift up many people. 

    4. Creativity has led to innovation in the marketplace, in the workplace, and in the home. 

    5. I do not know if I have courage, but I have the willingness to try to succeed where before I failed

    Exercise 4.46

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 4.47

    Part A

    1. I would like to toast the bride, groom, and guests. 

    2. We must dream big, plan together, and work hard to save our planet. 

    3. This new product has taken the efforts of many teams and years to build. 

    4. As we graduate today, we thank our friends, family, and teachers. 

    5. If elected, I will work tirelessly to find solutions for these issues and diligently to bring your concerns to my fellow members of government. 

    6. These are trying times. These are difficult days.

    Part B

     Answers will vary.

    Exercise 4.48

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.49

    Answers will vary but should be 1-2 minutes and will include an introduction of the topic, a summary of the opinion, and three examples of parallelism.

    Exercise 4.50

    Answers will vary but should be on topic and use parallelism. 

    Exercise 4.51

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.52

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.53

    1. See annotation directions.

    2. Answers will vary. 

    3. Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.54

    See annotation directions. 

    Exercise 4.55

    Answers will vary but should be on topic and have an organizational pattern. 

    Exercise 4.56

    Part A

    Answers will vary. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Part C

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.57

    See annotation directions. 

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.58

    Answers will vary but should include an accurate recitation. 

    Exercise 4.59

    Part A

    Answers will vary but should include five paragraphs and three rhetorical appeals. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary.

    Exercise 4.60

    Part A

    Answers will vary but should be a 1-2 minute speech with one of the central themes listed as the central theme of the speech.

    Part B

    Answers will vary but should include effective peer feedback. 

    Exercise 4.61

    Answers will vary but should be on the topics and that includes the rule of three at least two times. 

    Exercise 4.62

    Part A

    Answers will vary but should be a 3-minute speech using all of the literary devices from Unit 4. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary but should include evidence of peer-proofing. 

    Exercise 4.63

    Answers will vary but should include two drafts of a 3-minute speech. 

    Exercise 4.64

    Part A

    Answers will vary but should be a 2-minutes speech on the topic that uses at least one literary device. 

    Part B

    Answers will vary. 

    Exercise 4.65

    Assessments

    Vocabulary and Concept Terms Assessment

    (not provided here for assessment security)

    Grammar Assessment

    (not provided here for assessment security)

    Writing Assessment

    U4 Speech Rubric

      Description
    5
    • The speech is between 4 and 5 minutes long. 
    • The speech is organized with a beginning, middle, and end. It uses organizational patterns and cohesive devices to have a smooth flow. 
    • The speech addresses the topic in the chosen prompt (a local issue, personal interest, or global issue). 
    • The speech uses rhetorical appeals effectively. 
    • The speech uses one or more literary devices to enhance the expression of the message. 
    4
    • The speech is between 4 and 5 minutes long. 
    • The speech is organized with a beginning, middle, and end. It uses organizational patterns. 
    • The speech addresses the topic in the chosen prompt (a local issue, personal interest, or global issue). 
    • The speech uses rhetorical appeals. 
    • The speech uses one or more literary devices. 
    3
    • The speech is 3-4 minutes or more than 5 minutes long. 
    • The speech is organized with a beginning, middle, and end. It uses organizational patterns. 
    • The speech is about a topic in the chosen prompt (a local issue, personal interest, or global issue). 
    • The speech attempts to use at least one rhetorical appeal. 
    • The speech attempts to use at least one literary device. 
    2
    • The speech is 2-3 minutes or more than 6 minutes long. 
    • The speech is organized with 2 of the following parts: beginning, middle, and end. 
    • The speech mentions a topic in the chosen prompt (a local issue, personal interest, or global issue). 
    • The speech uses at least one rhetorical appeal or literary device. 
    1
    • The speech is less than 2 minutes or more than 7 minutes long. 
    • The speech includes 1 of the following parts: beginning, middle, and end. 
    • The topic of the speech is not clear. 
    • The speech does not use any rhetorical appeals or literary devices. 

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