Exercise 4.15

Identify the concept term that is being shown in each example. Write the term on the line next to its example. Write all the terms that apply. You may write multiple words per example. 

These examples are excerpts from Address at Rice University on the Nation's Space Effort by John F. Kennedy. 

1. __________ "I appreciate your president having made me an honorary visiting professor, and I will assure you that my first lecture will be very brief." 

2. __________ "We meet at a college noted for knowledge, in a city noted for progress, in a State noted for strength, and we stand in need of all three, for we meet in an hour of change and challenge, in a decade of hope and fear, in an age of both knowledge and ignorance."

3. __________ "The greater our knowledge increases, the greater our ignorance unfolds."

4. __________ "Despite the striking fact that most of the scientists that the world has ever known are alive and working today, despite the fact that this Nation's own scientific manpower is doubling every 12 years in a rate of growth more than three times that of our population as a whole, despite that, the vast stretches of the unknown and the unanswered and the unfinished still far outstrip our collective comprehension."

5. __________ "We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too."

6. __________ "Well, space is there, and we're going to climb it, and the moon and the planets are there, and new hopes for knowledge and peace are there. And, therefore, as we set sail we ask God's blessing on the most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked."

Exercise 4.16

Follow the directions to annotate the speech below. 

1. Underline the main idea of the speech. 

2. Label the rhetorical appeals where they are used in the speech E for ethos, P for Pathos, and L for Logos

3. Circle any theme(s).

4. Draw a star next to any examples of the rule of three. 

5. Box any call(s) to action. 

"Ain't I a Woman?"

by Sojourner Truth

     Well, children, where there is so much racket there must be something

out of kilter. I think that ‘twixt the Negroes of the South and the women

at the North, all talking about rights, the white men will be in a fix pretty

soon. But what’s all this here talking about?

     That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages,

and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody

ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best

place! And ain’t I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have

ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head

me! And ain’t I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a

man – when I could get it – and bear the lash as well! And ain’t I a

woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to

slavery, and when I cried out with my mother’s grief, none but Jesus

heard me! And ain’t I a woman?     

     Then they talk about this thing in the head; what’s this they call it?

[member of audience whispers, “intellect”] That’s it, honey. What’s that

got to do with women’s rights or Negroes’ rights? If my cup won’t hold

but a pint, and yours holds a quart, wouldn’t you be mean not to let me

have my little half measure full?

     Then that little man in black there, he says women can’t have as much

rights as men, ‘cause Christ wasn’t a woman! Where did your Christ

come from? Where did your Christ come from? From God and a

woman! Man had nothing to do with Him.

     If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world

upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it

back, and get it right side up again! And now they is asking to do it. The

men better let them.

     Obliged to you for hearing me, and now old Sojourner ain’t got nothing

more to say.

Language Notes:

• In this speech, Sojourner Truth uses the word "Negro". In modern English, the word "Negro" generally has an outdated or offensive connotation (emotional meaning). This connotation was added in the 1970s around the time of the civil rights movement when other terms such as Black or African-American became more popular and socially acceptable¹. In 1851, "Negro" did not have quite the negative connotation it does today and was more of a neutral common word.  
• Ain't: the informal contraction of "am not"

_{1. https://edtechbooks.org/-iRoU}