Research

This book was written for practitioners and so does not reference research throughout as you might see in an academic publication.  However, the authors are all well-published researchers in the area of K-12 blended and online teaching.

If you are interested in the research related to the K-12 Blended Teaching Readiness model that is used to organize this book, below are some references that you can look up.  Also, please feel free to reach out via email to charles.graham@byu.edu or any of the other authors.

  • Graham, C. R., Borup, J., Pulham, E., & Larsen, R. (2017). K-12 blended teaching readiness: Phase 1 - instrument development. Lansing, MI. Retrieved from https://edtechbooks.org/-JgM 
  • Graham, C. R., Borup, J., Pulham, E., & Larsen, R. (2018). Blended teaching readiness: Phase 2 – instrument development. Lansing, MI. Retrieved from https://edtechbooks.org/-vWnY 
  • Pulham, E., Graham, C. R., & Short, C. R. (2018). Generic vs. Modality-Specific Competencies for K-12 Online and Blended Teaching. Journal of Online Learning Research, 4(1), 33–52. Retrieved from https://edtechbooks.org/-rXmo 
  • Pulham, E. B., & Graham, C. R. (2018). Comparing K-12 online and blended teaching competencies: A literature review. Distance Education, 39(3), 411–432. https://edtechbooks.org/-Noyv 
  • Graham, C. R., Borup, J., Pulham, E. B., & Larsen, R. (2019). K-12 blended teaching readiness: Model and instrument development. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 51(3), 239–258. https://edtechbooks.org/-Pbg 
  • Arnesen, K. T., Graham, Charles, R., Short, C. R., & Archibald, D. (2019). Experiences with personalized learning in a blended teaching course for preservice teachers. Journal of Online Learning Research, 5(3), 251–274. https://edtechbooks.org/-WEzU
  • Archibald, D. E., Graham, C. R., & Larsen, R. (2021). Validating a blended teaching readiness instrument for primary/secondary preservice teachers. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(2), 536–551. https://edtechbooks.org/-Rtye  (Link to Instrument Items)

  • Short, C. R., Graham, C. R., & Sabey, E. (2021). K-12 blended teaching skills and abilities: An analysis of blended teaching artifacts. Journal of Online Learning Research, 7(1), 5–33. https://www-learntechlib-org.erl.lib.byu.edu/primary/p/217689/

  • Short, C. R., Graham, C. R., Holmes, T., Oviatt, L., & Bateman, H. (2021). Preparing teachers to teach in k-12 blended environments: A systematic mapping review of research trends, impact, and themes. TechTrends, 65, 993–1009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-021-00626-4

  • Short, C. R., Hanny, C., Jensen, M., Arnesen, K. T., & Graham, C. R. (2021). Competencies and practices for guiding k-12 blended teacher readiness. In A. G. Picciano, C. D. Dziuban, C. R. Graham, & P. D. Moskal (Eds.), Blended learning: Research perspectives, Volume 3 (pp. 193–213). Routledge.

  • Hanny, C. N., Arnesen, K. T., Guo, Q., Hansen, J., & Graham, C. R. (2023). Barriers and enablers to K-12 blended teaching. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 55(4), 568–589. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2021.1991865 

  • Graham, C. R., Means, T., Arnesen, K. T., & Ramsey, J. (2023). Principles of blended learning. In S. Wa-Mbaleka, K. Thompson, & L. Casimiro (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Online Higher Education (pp. 27–40). Sage.

  • Graham, C. R., & Draper, D. E. (2023). Blended teaching. In EdTechnica: The open encyclopedia of educational technology (pp. 105–112). EdTechBooks.org. https://edtechbooks.org/encyclopedia/blended_teaching


Below are some publications related to the PICRAT framework that we use in section 2.3 of the book as a tool for evaluating blended activities.

  • Kimmons, R., Graham, C. R., & West, R. E. (2020). The PICRAT model for technology integration in teacher preparation. Contemporary Issues in Technology & Teacher Education, 20(1). Retrieved from https://edtechbooks.org/-hCJ

  • Kimmons, R. (2020). Technology Integration: Effectively Integrating Technology in Educational Settings. In A. Ottenbreit-Leftwich & R. Kimmons (Eds.), The K-12 Educational Technology Handbook. EdTech Books. https://edtechbooks.org/-zqvn
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