An Open Education Reader
I. Intellectual Property
1. James Boyle, “The Why of Intellectual Property”
2. James Boyle, “Thomas Jefferson Writes a Letter”
II. Free Software
3. Richard Stallman, “What is Free Software?”
4. Richard Stallman, “The GNU Project”
III. Open Source
5. Eric Raymond, “The Cathedral and the Bazaar”
6. Eric Raymond, “Homesteading the Noosphere”
IV. Open Content
7. David Wiley, “About the Open Publication License”
8. David Wiley, “Open Content: The First Decade”
V. Defining Free
9. Franklin D. Roosevelt, “The Four Freedoms Speech”
10. Richard Stallman, “Four Freedoms”
11. Erik Moller, “Freedom Defined”
12. Bruce Perens, “Debian Free Software Guidelines”
VI. Defining Open
13. Bruce Perens, “The Open Source Definition”
14. David Wiley, “Open Content”
15. OKFN, “Open Definition”
16. David Wiley, “The Access Compromise and the 5th R”
17. David Wiley, “Open Definitions, Specificity, and Avoiding Bright Lines”
VII. Open Source Software Licenses
18. GNU General Public License
19. BSD License
20. MIT License
21. Apache License
22. Comparison of Open Source Licenses
VIII. Open Content Licenses
23. Creative Commons Licenses
24. GNU Free Documentation License
25. Open Publication License
IX. Open CourseWare
26. Charles Vest, “Disturbing the Educational Universe: Universities in the Digital Age — Dinosaurs or Prometheans?”
27. History of MIT OCW
28. MIT OCW Evaluation Report (2005)
29. MIT Reaches OCW Milestone
30. David Wiley, “OpenCourseWars”
X. Open Educational Resources
31. UNESCO Forum on the Impact of Open Courseware for Higher Education in Developing
32. Cape Town Open Education Declaration
33. UNESCO, “2012 Paris OER Declaration”
34. Wiley, Bliss, and McEwen, “Open Educational Resources: OER Literature Review”
35. Boston Consulting Group, “Open Educational Resources: The OER Ecosystem”
XI. Open Textbooks
36. Nicole Allen, “Open Textbooks: A Cover to Cover Solution: How Open Textbooks are the Path to Affordability”
37. Frydenberg and Matkin, “Open Textbooks: Why? What? How? When?”
XII. Research in Open Education
38. OER Research Hub
39. Open Education Group
40. Marshall Smith, “Ruminations on Research on OER”
XIII. The Economics of Open
41. Yochai Benkler, “Coases Penguin, or Linux and The Nature of the Firm”
42. Yochai Benkler, “Common Wisdom: Peer Production of Educational Materials”
43. Yochai Benkler, “‘Sharing Nicely’: On shareable goods and the emergence of sharing as a modality of economic production”
XIV. Open Business Models
44. Eric Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron”
45. OSI, “Open Source Case for Business”
46. Various, “A Summer 2014 Conversation on Business Models in Open Education”
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Bruce Perens, “The Open Source Definition”
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<p id="p_kcYR" name="p_kcYR" class="bg-light px-3 py-2 rounded text-secondary">Read the article at <a href="http://opensource.org/docs/osd" target="_blank" class="">http://opensource.org/docs/osd</a></p><h2 id="p_YhYX" name="p_YhYX" class="">Background</h2><p id="p_Rcmq" name="p_Rcmq" class="">As a result of fundamental differences between free software and open sources, there was a need to more clearly define what open really meant and differentiate it from free. The Open Source Definition (OSD) helped to clarify what was meant by open and to distinguish the open movement from the free software movement. Like the DFSG on which it is based, the OSD is used primarily to determine whether or not software licenses qualify for the label “open source.”</p><h2 id="p_xvKA" name="p_xvKA" class="">Key Points</h2><ul id="ul_bwHS" name="ul_bwHS" class=""> <li id="li_sWvP" name="li_sWvP" class="">Free Redistribution</li> <li id="li_vdqb" name="li_vdqb" class="">Source Code</li><li id="li_jkha" name="li_jkha" class="">Derived Works</li><li id="li_KEAr" name="li_KEAr" class="">Integrity of The Author’s Source Code</li><li id="li_pCYr" name="li_pCYr" class="">No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups</li><li id="li_Vpeb" name="li_Vpeb" class="">No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor</li><li id="li_AfmG" name="li_AfmG" class="">Distribution of License</li><li id="li_snQb" name="li_snQb" class="">License Must Not Be Specific to a Product</li><li id="li_ooFE" name="li_ooFE" class="">License Must Not Restrict Other Software</li><li id="li_Hpoz" name="li_Hpoz" class="">License Must Be Technology-Neutral</li></ul><p id="p_gveQ" name="p_gveQ" class="">The definition contains the same conditions as Debian with the addition that the License must be technology neutral – the license can’t require that any specific technology or interface.</p><h2 id="p_hTLn" name="p_hTLn" class="">Discussion Questions</h2><ol id="ol_jGKd" name="ol_jGKd" class=""> <li id="li_cnEQ" name="li_cnEQ" class="">How did the Debian Free Software Guidelines influence the Open Definition?</li> <li id="li_BLzb" name="li_BLzb" class="">Why is open not the same as free?</li> <li id="li_DrYu" name="li_DrYu" class="">Is Google Open? Free? Neither? Both? Why?</li> </ol><h2 id="p_ynaX" name="p_ynaX" class="">Additional Resources</h2><p id="p_ARhu" name="p_ARhu" class="">Debian Social Contract. (1997). Debian Social Contract, Version 1.0. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.debian.org/social_contract.1.0#guidelines" target="_blank" class="" data-shortened-url="https://edtechbooks.org/-NQxq" data-unshortened-url="https://www.debian.org/social_contract.1.0#guidelines">https://edtechbooks.org/-NQxq</a></p>
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