Exercise 1: Choose the best paraphrase

Choose the best paraphrase for each original quote: 

#1. Original: “The outflow of energy from the central regions of the star provides the pressure necessary to keep the star from collapsing under its own weight, and the energy by which it shines” (NASA, n.d.). 

1. Pressure and energy from deep inside the star prevent it from collapsing and helps it generate light (NASA, n.d.). 
2. The output of light and heat from the middle of the star makes the pressure required to prevent the star from dying, and the energy it needs to shine (NASA , n.d.). 
3. Stars shine because they have a lot of pressure and energy inside of them (NASA, n.d.). 
4. Stars have pressure and energy that they provide to prevent the collapse of the universe (NASA, n.d.). 

#2. Original: “Artificial intelligence and automation are bringing changes to higher education that will challenge, and may even threaten, in-person learning” (Kak, 2018) 

1. Advances in technology are happening because higher education is threatening in-person learning (Kak, 2018). 
2. In-person learning is challenging new technologies like artificial intelligence and automation (Kak, 2018). 
3. Traditional classes may be endangered by the ways that higher education is changing due to artificial intelligence and automation (Kak, 2018). 
4. Technology is replacing teachers and regular in-person classroom experiences with artificial intelligence (Kak, 2018).

#3 Original: "There are some commonly mentioned disadvantages of these open offices like a lack of concentration, a reduction of personal privacy and an increase in distraction” (Blok et al., 2009).

1. Blok et al. says that a lack of concentration is a major disadvantage to offices and employees.  
2. A few of the disadvantages facing open office layouts include problems in concentration, privacy, and distraction (Blok et al., 2009).
3. While there many be many advantages to working in a office, there are also many disadvantages like limited personal privacy (Blok et al., 2009).
4. A lack of concentration, restricted privacy, and an abundance of distraction are the biggest challenges facing open office layouts (Blok et al., 2009).

Exercise 2: Write paraphrases

Write a paraphrase for the original sentences below. You do not need to paraphrase the entire original source. 

1. Original: "Back in the Netherlands, Mr Paumen describes himself as a "biohacker" - someone who puts pieces of technology into his body to try to improve his performance. He has 32 implants in total, including chips to open doors and imbedded magnets" (Latham, 2022, para. 32). 

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2. Original: "Atlantium is one of more than a hundred micronations across the world. A micronation is a self-proclaimed sovereign state that lacks a legal basis for its existence. As a consequence, micronations are not recognised by established nation states, but that does not deter them from assuming the ceremony, pomp and even governance structures of them"(Muddit, 2022, para. 2). 

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3. Original: "Far more than just linking us to our past, the world’s mature and old-growth forests perform amazing ecological feats, even as they face all new threats. They support a greater diversity of life, hold cleaner water, and host surprisingly complicated communication networks made of fungi that relay messages between trees underground—even trees of different species" (Welch, 2022, para. 3).

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4. Original: "We identify three big changes that education should make post COVID: curriculum that is developmental, personalized, and evolving; pedagogy that is student-centered, inquiry-based, authentic, and purposeful; and delivery of instruction that capitalizes on the strengths of both synchronous and asynchronous learning" (Zhao & Watterston, 2021, para. 1).

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Exercise 3: Write a quote, summary, or paraphrase

Using the paragraph below, write a quotation, a summary, and a paraphrase. For the quotation and the paraphrase, choose one sentence. For the summary, summarize the entire paragraph. Include the correct citation for each.

Author: Ross

Year: 1995

Paragraph: 2

"Children of the poor at the turn of the century received little if any emotional or intellectual nurturing from their mothers, whose main charge was family survival. Working for and organizing household subsistence were what defined mothering. Next to this, even the children’s basic comfort was forced into the background" (Ross, 1993).

Exercise 4: Write a quote, summary, or paraphrase

Using the paragraph below, write a quotation, a summary, or a paraphrase. For the quotation and the paraphrase, choose one sentence. For the summary, summarize the entire paragraph. Include the correct citation.

Author: Susan Cain

Year: 2012

Paragraph: page 93, para. 3

"The way forward, I'm suggesting, is not to stop collaborating face-to-face, but to refine the way we do it.  For one thing, we should actively seek out symbiotic introvert-extrovert relationships, in which leadership and other tasks are divided according to people's natural strengths and temperaments.  The most effective teams are composed of a healthy mix of introverts and extroverts, studies show, and so are many leadership structures" (Cain, 2012).