Sinopsis: Capítulo 2

Adjetivos - adjectives
aburrido	boring	inteligente	intelligent, smart
activo	active	interesante	interesting
alemán	German	introvertido	introverted
alto	tall	irresponsable	irresponsible
amarillo	yellow	italiano	Italian
anaranjado	orange	japonés	Japanese
antipático	unpleasant, mean	joven	young
argentino	Argentinian	lindo	pretty
atlético	athletic	malo	bad
azul	blue	marrón	brown
bajo	short in height	marroquí	Moroccan
beliceño	Belizean	mentiroso	dishonest, lying
blanco	white	mexicano	Mexican
boliviano	Bolivian	morado	purple
brasileño	Brazilian	moreno	brunette, dark-skinned
bueno	good	negro	black
café	brown, coffee colored	nicaragüense	Nicaraguan
canadiense	Canadian	nigeriano	Nigerian
castaño	chestnut brown	norteamericano	American
chileno	Chilean	paciente	patient
chino	Chinese	panameño	Panamanian
colombiano	Colombian	paraguayo	Paraguayan
cómico	funny	pardo	brown
coreano	Korean	pelirrojo	redheaded
costarricense	Costa Rican	pequeño	small
cubano	Cuban	perezoso	lazy
cuidadoso	careful, cautious	peruano	Peruvian
delgado	thin	portugués	Portuguese
divertido	fun, entertaining	puertorriqueño	Puerto Rican
dominicano	Dominican	responsable	responsible
ecuatoguineano	Equatorial Guinean	rojo	red
ecuatoriano	Ecuadoran	rosado	pink
egoísta	selfish, egotistic	rubio	blonde
español	Spanish	salvadoreño	Salvadoran
estadounidense	U.S. American	serio	serious
extrovertido	extroverted	simpático	pleasant, nice
feo	ugly	sincero	sincere
francés	French	sudafricano	South African
generoso	generous	tener el pelo castaño	to have brown hair
gordo	fat	tener el pelo negro	to have black hair
grande	big, great	tener el pelo rubio	to have blonde hair
gris	gray	tímido	timid
guapo	handsome, attractive	tonto	silly, stupid
guatemalteco	Guatemalan	trabajador	hard-working
haitiano	Haitian	uruguayo	Uruguayan
hondureño	Honduran	venezolano	Venezuelan
impaciente	impatient	verde	green
impulsivo	impulsive	viejo	old
indio	Indian	vietnamita	Vietnamese
inglés	English	violeta	violet, purple

Verbos -ar AR Verbs
acabar (+inf.)	to have just	llamar	to call
alquilar	to rent	llegar	to arrive
apagar	to turn off	mirar	to watch
ayudar	to help	navegar por internet	to surf the web
bailar	to dance	necesitar (+inf.)	to need to…
buscar	to look for	pasar	to pass
caminar	to walk	patinar	to skate
cantar	to sing	pintar	to paint
cenar	to eat dinner	practicar deportes	to practice/play sports
cocinar	to cook	preparar	to prepare
comprar	to buy	sacar/tomar fotos	to take photos
descansar	to rest	tocar un instrumento	to play an instrument
desear (+inf.)	to desire, to want (to)	tomar el sol	to sunbathe
escuchar	to listen to	tomar un refresco	to drink a soft drink
esquiar	to ski	trabajar	to work
estudiar	to study	usar	to use
hablar	to talk	viajar	to travel
levantar pesas	to lift weights	visitar a amigos	to visit friends
limpiar	to clean

Gramática: Concordancia del adjetivo

Adjectives must agree in gender (masculine / feminine) and number (singular / plural) with the noun they describe.

Gramática: Posición de los adjetivos

Descriptive adjectives follow the noun they describe
Adjectives of quantity, however, will precede the noun they modify.

Gramática: Present indicative of -ar verbs

We use the present indicative to express the following:

To describe routine actions
To say what you are doing right now
To ask questions about present events
To describe plans for the immediate future

Conjugating -ar verbs in the present indicative

An infinitive verb is a verb before it has been conjugated to reflect the subject of the verb.
A verb stem is what is left after you remove the -ar, -er, or -ir ending from the infinitive.
A conjugated verb is a verb whose endings reflect person (I, you, he/she, we, you, they) and time (in this case, the present).

To conjugate an -ar verb in the present indicative, simply remove the -ar from the verb and attach the following endings to the stem, depending on the subject.

Estudiar – to study
Yo estudio	nosotros estudiamos
tú estudias	vosotros estudiáis
él / ella / usted estudia	ellos / ellas/ ustedes estudian

Forming Sentences: Word order

To form a complete sentence using the present indicative of -ar verbs, remember to follow basic Spanish sentence structure:
Subject + verb + when / where / what / with whom, etc.
Yo + miro + televisión los fines de semana.

Remember that in Spanish, subject pronouns are only necessary to emphasize or clarify.

Negation:

To say what you do not do, place "no" before the conjugated verb. If the subject is used, put the “no” between the subject and the conjugated verb.

Luis no trabaja los fines de semana. / Louis does not work on the weekends.

Yes/no questions:

To form a yes or no question, add question marks to a present tense sentence. If the subject is used, it usually follows the verb or is placed at the end of the sentence. (Note: Certain dialects of Spanish simply take the statement and use intonation to create the question rather than changing word order.)

¿Trabajas los fines de semana? / Do you work on weekends?
¿Trabaja Marta los fines de semana? / Does Martha work on the weekends? OR
¿Trabaja los fines de semana Marta? / Does Martha work on the weekends?

Gramática: Gustar

Gustar is roughly the equivalent of to like in English, but it really means to be pleasing.

A mí me gusta tocar el piano. / Playing the piano is pleasing to me. = I like to play the piano.

Forming Sentences with Gusta and Gustan

Gustar and similar verbs require a different structure than regular –ar verb sentences. So, to say You like movies, you say something like:

Te + gustan + las películas.
To you + are pleasing + movies.
Indirect object + verb + subject.

Notice that to negate a sentence with gustar, you must add no directly before the indirect object pronoun.

No nos gusta escuchar música. / We don’t like to listen to music.

Use the singular form gusta when gustar is followed by one or more infinitives or a singular noun.

Use the plural form gustan when gustar is followed by multiple singular nouns or one or more plural nouns.

Remember, you must decide between gusta and gustan based on what comes after the verb, not based on the pronoun before it.

**To review all the rules and examples related to gustar, click here and here.

Gramática: Verbos como gustar

Several verbs use the same sentence structure as gustar. The verbs listed below are regular -ar verbs but, like gustar, are commonly used in the third-person singular or plural (–a or –an) with an indirect object pronoun.