Real Conditional
We use real conditionals to talk about factual ideas, and they can be stated in present or future. Modals can also be used, and the one that we choose to use will depend on the degree of certainty being expressed.
When we talk about conditional sentences, they typically include an IF clause and a RESULT clause. We will see some examples of those as we get into the different uses of conditional sentences.
Real PRESENT conditionals
IF clause = simple present
RESULT clause = simple present
These conditional sentences are used to talk about a habitual action/situation, established fact, or general truth.
Examples:
If I don't eat lunch, I get hungry. (habitual situation)
Water freezes if the temperature reaches 32o. (established fact)
If it snows, we might stay home. [modal of possibility]
Real FUTURE conditionals
IF clause = simple present
RESULT clause = simple future [will + base form]
These conditional sentences are used to talk about a future action/situation, established fact, or general truth.
Examples:
If it snows tomorrow, they will probably cancel the game. (future action)
I will watch a movie tonight if I have time. (future action)
Water will freeze if the temperature reaches 32o. (established fact)
If there is a storm tomorrow, we can't travel. [modal of possibility]
Unreal Conditionals
Unreal conditionals are used to talk about imaginary situations or things that are contrary to fact. We can use unreal conditionals in present/future and past .
Unreal PRESENT/FUTURE conditionals
IF clause = simple past
RESULT clause = would + base form
When using modals, think about the meaning they have.
Examples:
I would not do that if I were you. [meaning = I am not you.]
What would he do if he were here right now? [meaning = he isn't here right now]
If I had enough money, I would buy a computer. [meaning = I don't have enough money; would = desired or predicable result]
I could buy a computer if I had enough money. [could = possible option (be able to)]
NOTE: Were is used for both singular AND plural subjects. However, in informal speech, was is sometimes used even though it is not grammatically correct.
Unreal PAST conditionals
IF clause = past perfect
RESULT clause = would have + past participle
Could can also be used in the RESULT clause. Think about the difference between would and could in the following sentences.
Examples:If I hadn't slipped on the stairs, I wouldn't have broken my leg. [meaning = I did slip, so I broke my leg]
I would have bought a computer if I had had enough money. [would = desired result]
I could have bought a computer if I had had enough money. [could = possible result]
NOTE: There are a few options for contractions:
I had = I'd
I would have = I'd have OR I would've
Exercise 1: Listen
The following video is an interview with actor Matt Damon about the movie The Monuments Men (2014). The movie is based on true events during World War II of a group trying to preserve art that was being destroyed or stolen.
He says there are 2 central questions in the movie:
- What role does art play in our society?
- Is art worth dying for?
- Would the world be different if these soldiers had not tried to save the art pieces? How?
Using the conditionals explained in this lesson, prepare your answers to these questions.
Exercise 2: Individual Activity - Hypothesize
Listening to the following video and think about the hypothetical situation the speaker is presenting. Be prepared to share your answers with the class about the following questions.
- What is a piece of art that has had an impact on your life?
- How would the world be different without that type of art (movies, paintings, music, poetry, etc)?
Exercise 3: Partner Activity - Museum Visit
Real Conditionals Practice
- You and your partner are planning a trip to Paris. You will spend one day at the Louvre.
- Discuss your plans using real conditionals
Unreal Conditionals Practice
- You and your partner are going to New York City, but you don't not have time to visit The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- Discuss what you would see if you had time using unreal conditionals.